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Unit 3-ICT Skills QUESTION ANS and MCQ

Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Session 1: Basic Computer Operations

1. What is ICT?

Answer: ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT helps in sharing, receiving, storing, processing, and delivering information. An ICT device is a device used for processing, storing, and communicating information to others.

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Examples of ICT devices are:

  • Laptop
  • Desktop computer
  • Tablet
  • Smartphone

2. What are the objectives of Information and Communication Technology? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of ICT.

Answer: The full form of ICT is Information and Communication Technology. The main objective of ICT is to improve the sharing and exchange of information and to promote effective, sustainable, cooperative, and transparent communication between teachers, students, parents, and others.

Advantages of ICT:

  • Enhances the methods of communication.
  • Provides platforms for independent learning.
  • Is cost-effective.
  • Improves data and information security.
  • Reduces the use of paper and supports paperless work.
  • Improves teaching and learning methods.
  • Provides web-based Learning Management System (LMS) tools.

Disadvantages of ICT:

  • Traditional books and handwritten methods may become less common.
  • Managing courses online can be difficult.
  • Teachers need proper training and experience to use ICT effectively.
  • There is a risk of cyber-attacks and hacking.
  • Technology may be misused.

3. What is the difference between Hardware and Software?

Answer: A computer system consists of two main parts: Hardware and Software.

Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system that we can see and touch.

Examples: CPU, motherboard, hard disk, keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.

Software: Software refers to programs and applications that contain instructions for performing different tasks on a computer.

Examples: Word processor, spreadsheet software, presentation software, database software, etc.

4. What is BIOS?

Answer: BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is software stored on a computer’s motherboard that helps the computer identify and check connected hardware devices during startup. It also helps the computer load the operating system properly.

5. What are the different types of keys on a keyboard?

Answer: The different types of keys on a keyboard are:

  • Function Keys: F1 to F12 are called function keys. They are used for specific functions depending on the software or operating system.
  • Control Keys: Shift, Ctrl, Alt, Spacebar, Tab, and Caps Lock are commonly used as control or modifier keys.
  • Enter Key: The Enter or Return key is used to start a new line, confirm an action, or execute a command.
  • Punctuation Keys: These keys are used to type punctuation marks such as colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ‘), and double quotation marks (” “).
  • Navigation Keys: Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, and Arrow keys are used to move around a document or screen.
  • Command Keys: Backspace, Insert, and Delete are used for editing and managing text or objects.
  • Delete and Backspace Keys: These keys are used to remove typed text or characters. Backspace generally removes characters to the left of the cursor, while Delete removes characters or objects to the right.
  • Windows Key: The Windows key is generally used to open the Start menu and perform other Windows-related shortcuts.

6. What is the purpose of a mouse?

Answer: A computer mouse is used to control the pointer and perform different operations on a computer.

The main functions of a mouse are:

  • Hover/Roll Over: Moving the mouse pointer over a file, icon, or object may display additional information.
  • Click/Double-Click: Clicking allows us to select items, while double-clicking can open files, folders, or applications.
  • Drag and Drop: We can click and hold an item, move it to another location, and release the mouse button to place it there.

Session 2: Performing Basic File Operations

7. What are files and folders in a computer system?

Answer: Files and folders are used to organise and store information on a computer.

  • File: A file is a collection of information or data stored on a computer. Different types of files store different types of information. A file generally has a name and an extension that identifies its type.
  • Folder: A folder is a container used to store and organise files and, in many cases, other folders.

Session 3: Computer Care and Maintenance

8. How can we maintain a computer system?

Answer: We can maintain a computer system by following some simple practices:

  • Keep the device clean: Clean the keyboard, screen, mouse, and other parts regularly. Handle the computer carefully, keep it cool, and avoid overloading the battery.
  • Prepare a maintenance schedule: Create a regular schedule for computer maintenance.

Daily Maintenance:

  • Clean up your email inbox.
  • Save important attachments in appropriate folders.

Weekly Maintenance:

  • Clean the keyboard, monitor, CPU, and printer.
  • Back up important data.

Monthly Maintenance:

  • Delete unused photographs and files.
  • Clean the Downloads folder.
  • Uninstall unused programs.
  • Run a full system virus scan.
  • Use disk-cleaning tools when required.

Yearly/Annual Maintenance:

  • Review and clean up social media accounts.
  • Clean up your email contact list.
  • Update your operating system and other important software.

9. How can we increase computer performance?

Answer: Computer performance can decrease when too many applications, temporary files, and unnecessary data are stored on the computer. To improve performance:

  • Uninstall unnecessary applications.
  • Delete temporary and unwanted files.
  • Keep the operating system and antivirus software updated.
  • Remove programs that are no longer required.
  • Regularly maintain and scan the computer.

Session 5: Computer Security and Privacy

10. What is a Security Breach?

Answer: A security breach occurs when information stored on a computer or computer system is accessed, disclosed, changed, or stolen without proper permission.

Personal information can be lost or leaked in different ways:

  1. Unsafe sharing of information: We may accidentally disclose personal information, account details, or passwords on unsafe websites.
  2. Unauthorised access: Someone may access our computer or account without permission. For example, this can happen if we leave a computer without logging out.

11. What are the different types of threats to computer security?

Answer: Security threats are ways in which personal information, data, or computer resources can be accessed, damaged, stolen, or misused without our knowledge or permission.

The major threats include:

a. Theft

Theft means stealing information, devices, or hardware. It can include:

  • Physical Theft: A person may steal a desktop computer, laptop, smartphone, or other device.
  • Identity Theft: A hacker may obtain personal information and use it to impersonate someone. The stolen identity may then be used to access accounts or carry out illegal activities.

b. Software Piracy

Software piracy means using, copying, or distributing software without proper permission or a valid licence. It includes using unauthorised or unlicensed copies of computer programs.

c. Virus

A computer virus is a malicious program that can damage data and software, interfere with computer operations, or steal information.

Two common types of malicious programs are:

  • Worms: Worms are malicious programs that can replicate themselves and spread across computers or networks, making them difficult to remove.
  • Trojan Horse: A Trojan horse is a malicious program that appears to be useful or legitimate but performs harmful activities after being installed.

d. Online Predators

Online predators are people who use the internet to manipulate, deceive, or exploit others. They may pretend to be someone else, including someone of a similar age, to gain trust and encourage unsafe or illegal activities.

e. Internet Scams

Internet scams are fraudulent schemes designed to trick people into giving away money or personal information. For example, a person may receive a message claiming that they have won a large amount of money and must pay a fee to claim it. Sharing card or online banking information in such scams can result in financial loss or misuse of account details.

12. How can we protect our data?

Answer: We can protect our data from theft, viruses, and unauthorised access by following these measures:

1. Use a Strong Password

Create strong and difficult-to-guess passwords. A strong password should ideally contain a combination of:

  • Small letters
  • Capital letters
  • Numbers
  • Special characters

Do not share passwords with others.

2. Install Antivirus and Firewall

Antivirus software helps detect and protect the computer from malware and viruses. A firewall helps prevent unauthorised access to the computer or network.

3. Encrypt Your Data

Encryption converts information into a protected format so that unauthorised users cannot easily read it.

4. Open Only Secure Websites

Before entering personal or financial information on a website, check that the website uses HTTPS and has appropriate security indicators in the browser.

5. Keep Software Updated

Regularly update the operating system, browser, antivirus software, and other applications to help protect the computer from security vulnerabilities.